Lord Mandelson

Lord Mandelson courted Mubarak’s dying regime

Lord Mandelson lobbied for business from Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak’s regime days before it was overthrown.

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Lord Mandelson founded Global Counsel with the backing of Sir Martin Sorrell, the multi-millionaire businessman, and his international communications firm WPP Photo: Getty Images

By Jason Lewis, Investigations Editor

8:50PM GMT 17 Dec 2011

The former Cabinet minister approached senior Egyptian officials before the uprising in an attempt to win lucrative work for Global Counsel, his Knightsbridge-based “strategic advisory” firm.

At the same time, he was publicly defending “reformists” in the regime, including the Egyptian president’s son Gamal Mubarak.

He also apparently offered to use his role at a think tank which is close to Labour to help his international clients.

The disclosure follows controversy over former prime minister Tony Blair’s business interests and his relationships with the former Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi and the current Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev.

Patrick Mercer, a Conservative MP, said last night: “I would never criticise Lord Mandelson for being involved in business, but you have got to ask yourself why he gave such plaudits to a regime that was obviously oppressive and which ultimately fell at the will of the people.”

Lord Mandelson voiced support for the regime of Hosni Mubarak 

Lord Mandelson’s company was set up last December to “support international businesses” and to devise “market entry strategies”.

Lord Mandelson’s company was set up last December to “support international businesses” and to devise “market entry strategies”.

A month later he wrote to the Egyptian ambassador in London, Hatem Seif El Nasr, who contacted the then minister of foreign trade in Cairo, Rachid Mohamed Rachid, on January 31, outlining Lord Mandelson’s offer.

Mr El Nasr’s letter, written in Arabic and bearing the Egyptian government seal, stated that Lord Mandelson was “establishing a new international company of his own for economic advisory to render support and economic consulting for businessmen and enterprise”.

“The new company aims at renewing and reintroducing the commercial franchises to new communities, and helping grand agencies and organisations to accomplish new goals and make use and adapt with the globalisation consequences on these companies,” it added.

Mr El Nasr wrote that Lord Mandelson had said the firm’s aims included “helping companies and organisations understand the economic challenges… to overcome the business obstacles of new markets”.

He went on to explain that Lord Mandelson “will be the head of the new company” and Benjamin Wegg-Prosser, his former Whitehall aide, “who used to be… an adviser for… Tony Blair” will be its chief executive.

“Lord Mandelson will also be the head of a new committee set up by the Institute for Public Policy Research [IPPR] to research how the global economy can benefit from globalisation,” he wrote.

“Lord Mandelson hopes that his new positions can contribute to the development of the interrelations between the West and the rising markets around the world in order to achieve the common interest.”

Lord Mandelson’s spokesman said the peer had written to a number of embassies, although he would not disclose which ones, and also to company chief executives about Global Counsel.

On Feb 1, Lord Mandelson wrote to the Financial Times in support of the Egyptian regime as it clung on to power in the face of mass demonstrations and violent clashes which left at least 846 dead. Mubarak was ousted on Feb 11.

In the letter, he defended “reformers” in the regime, including the president’s son, Gamal, saying the president was a “civilian facade” for the security forces while his son was “the leading voice in favour of change”.

Mr Rachid, the ex-Egyptian foreign trade minister, fled to Dubai and was found guilty in absentia of embezzlement and squandering public funds. He has been sentenced to five years in prison.

Lord Mandelson founded Global Counsel with the backing of Sir Martin Sorrell, the multi-millionaire businessman, and his international communications firm WPP.

Shortly after its creation, Lord Mandelson sent letters to possible clients explaining that Global Counsel drew on his career “in the creation of New Labour” and as a minister and European trade commissioner.

“Since leaving public office last year, I remain committed to understanding and supporting the expansion of businesses from the fast-growing economies of the world,” the letters stated.

“While the benefits of globalisation are clear there are still many obstacles in the way of businesses wanting to take advantage of new open markets and access to capital.”

A spokesman for the Egyptian Embassy in London confirmed that its letter had been an “official communication”.

She said: “The ambassador received a letter from this person [Lord Mandelson] and passed it on to the appropriate minister in the then Egyptian government, conveying its contents and translating it into Arabic.

"This is normal procedure. The minister…did not reply”

A spokesman for the IPPR said: “Peter Mandelson is voluntarily leading a piece of work for us on the future of globalisation”

A spokesman for Global Counsel said it “respects the privacy of those that it does and does not work for but is able to confirm that it has not and does not work for the Egyptian government”.

The spokesman insisted that Lord Mandelson was not using his role at IPPR for commercial purposes.

Lord Mandelson: secrets of a filthy rich fortune

When Lord Mandelson said Labour was “intensely relaxed about people getting filthy rich” he may have been talking about himself.

When Lord Mandelson said Labour was 'intensely relaxed about people getting filthy rich' he may have been talking about himself Photo: Christopher pledger

By Jason Lewis, Investigations Editor

9:00PM GMT 17 Dec 2011

His declarations on the House of Lords register of members’ interests give little clue as to how the 58-year-old career politician has made his fortune.

Neither his public speaking and writing firm Willbury, which collects proceeds from the sales of his memoirs, nor his consultancy firm Global Counsel have published accounts yet.

And the remuneration for his senior advisory role at Lazard investment bank has not been disclosed, although some reports have suggested it could be as much as £1 million a year. Under restrictions imposed on Lord Mandelson by Whitehall watchdogs, he was banned from lobbying ministers and civil servants after leaving government. But there are no restrictions on his work overseas.

He has developed close links with the rulers of oil-rich Kazakhstan and recently spoke at two events organised by the Kazakh investment company Samruk-Kazyna. He has also made shrewd property investments. In 1997 Lord Mandelson was living in a one-bedroom flat worth £250,000. Earlier this year, he and his partner, Reinaldo Avila da Silva, moved into an £8 million home in north London.

Russian Spy

Mikhail Repin: the perfect party guest who was Whitehall spy for the Russians

Russian spy Mikhail Repin was expelled from Britain after he was caught attempting to recruit politicians and senior Whitehall officials as agents.

"Michael Repin" (left)  with fellow Russian diplomat Gennady Vladimirov and two guests at an embassy party.

By Jason Lewis, Investigations Editor

9:00PM GMT 10 Dec 2011

Young, good looking and articulate, he introduced as himself as "Michael" at events at Westminster think tanks and embassy receptions.

A slight accent betraying his foreign roots, the tall, suave, urbane young man mixed easily with politicians, businessmen and policy wonks on the Whitehall drinks party circuit.

But rather than being the fast-track civil servant, defence industry high flier or political adviser that many assumed he was, "Michael" was Mikhail Viktorovich Repin, Third Secretary in the Political Section at the Russian Embassy, and a spy.

Far removed for the caricature image of fictional Soviet agents, Repin had arrived in London in the wake of the murder of dissident former KGB officer Alexander Litvinenko, allegedly on the orders of the Kremlin, after several Russian diplomats had been expelled from Britain.

Within two years he himself had been kicked out of the country following "clear evidence" of spying.

Mikhail Repin (left) with fellow Russian embassy official Slava Konkov.

There is no trace of Repin in the Russian archives before he arrived in London.

It is likely he graduated from one of the elite diplomatic academies in Moscow, which have schooled Russia's spies in languages and dark arts since the Cold War.

A junior officer in the SVR – the Russian foreign intelligence service – operating under diplomatic cover from the embassy in Kensington Palace Gardens, he was part of the spy agency's expanding London overseas station known as the "Rezidentura".

Divided by directorates or "lines", some SVR officers are engaged in gathering economic and scientific intelligence while others are tasked with "technical operations" including attempting to bug key government buildings, companies or other embassies.

Last year the director general of the Security Service MI5, Jonathan Evans, said Russian espionage activities now exceed those of the Cold War with between 30 and 50 of its diplomats in the UK who are really spies.

He said these agents "continue to devote considerable time and energy trying to steal our sensitive technology on civilian and military projects and trying to obtain political and economic intelligence at our expense".

A Security Service counter espionage booklet, produced last year for British nationals visiting or working in Russia, warned people involved with the government, military matters, technology, biotechnology, communications and energy may be targeted by Russian intelligence. This is also the role of Russian intelligence officers working in the UK.

Repin was part of the political directorate known as "Line PR" and answerable to the most senior spy at the embassy the "Rezident".

His job appears to have been to talent spot potential agents in the political world who were in a position to obtain useful information to give Russia a political or economic advantage.

He set about his task with enthusiasm, attempting to "cultivate" individuals who either currently or in future may be of value to the Russians and quickly came to the attention of MI5 "watchers", from the Security Service's A Branch, tasked with keep Russian diplomats under surveillance.

A recent MI5 assessment of the work of these Russian spies says: "They seek to make contact with a large number of individuals with current or potential access to areas of interest."

"Most of these contacts will turn out to be unimportant and will not be pursued, but a small number will be.

"A number of individuals could be recruited as agents in order to provide intelligence or assist in intelligence operations.

The potential of a single well-placed agent to provide damaging intelligence justified the very significant cultivation programmes which the Russian intelligence service undertake."

Repin joined international political and military affairs think tanks attending events at International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS), the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) and Chatham House.

An annual fee of a few hundred pounds got him access to private lectures by senior military and intelligence officials and the chance to mingle with them at the drinks parties and finger food buffets that often followed the talks.

This so-called "overt information gathering" is often the first step in identifying individuals for cultivation.

And these events, a magnet for senior executives from defence firms, military research facilities and Ministry of Defence officials, allowed Repin to approach people and discuss their work and their expertise without them realising they were being targeted by a Russian spy.

Repin was also a regular at diplomatic parties at London embassies and he joined the Young Diplomats of London, a networking organisation for diplomats new to the Capital.

A barbecue at the Russian embassy last year provided him with the perfect opportunity to rub shoulders with guests who included MP Keith Vaz, the chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee and Simon Hughes, Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats.

Other guests at the kebab and vodka event to mark Russian National Day, 11 July, included Lord Hannay, the former British ambassador to the United Nations, senior Foreign Office officials, senior civil servants and a host of ambassadors and other senior diplomats.

It is not known whether any of these individuals were targeted by Repin or his colleagues, but what is certain is that Repin was tasked with obtaining intelligence of significant benefit to Russia.

The disclosure of Repin's exploits comes in the wake of a separate espionage case involving Katia Zatuliveter who was cleared of being a Russian agent last month by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) which had been asked to expel her from Britain on national security grounds.

The 26-year-old Russian was a Parliamentary researcher for Michael Hancock MP, then a member of the Commons defence committee, and also had long running a sexual relationship with the 65-year-old and several other older men, including a Nato official and a Dutch diplomat.

MI5 argued she was a spy recruited at university in St Petersburg and tasked with targeting Hancock and gathering intelligence in parliament and through his defence contacts.

SIAC disagreed and dismissed the Home Office's bid to deport her.

During the case SIAC heard how Ms Zatuliveter herself had been target by an intelligence officer from the Russian embassy known only as "Boris".

"Boris" had met her at the House of Commons and also approached her out after an event at the IISS, apparently following her to nearby Temple tube station.

They exchanged cards and, on learning she worked for a member of the defence committee, told her it was "a dream job for every Russian".

He then asked her to lunch and saw her on several other occasions, inviting her to an event at the Russian embassy.

It also comes three years after the then Labour MP Andrew MacKinlay received a warning from Downing Street after MI5 discovered that he was holding meetings with a suspected Russian spy Alexander Polyakov, officially a counsellor at the Russian Embassy in London.

Mr MacKinlay, a member of the powerful Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, was carpeted after the intelligence services reported that he had tea with the agent at the House of Commons.

As the MI5 assessment, a "generic statement" written for the SIAC case and obtained by The Sunday Telegraph, says: "The official cover which Russian intelligence officers have in the UK ... provides them with a legitimate platform for making contacts with members of the public and cultivating them.

"Individuals may be cultivated either because they themselves have access to information of value or because they can facilitate access to others with such assess via their contacts, or because they are considered suitable for use in supporting espionage in some way."

Repin left Britain in December 2010. A British diplomat was expelled from Moscow in the now customary tit-for-tat response.

Neither man was named. To do so would break an unspoken "gentlemen's agreement" between the intelligence services in both countries.

Repin's whereabouts are now unknown. His cover is blown and he is unlikely to be given another foreign posting.

Russian Spy

Russian spy targeted MPs and Whitehall officials

A Russian spy was expelled from Britain after he was caught attempting to recruit politicians and senior Whitehall officials as agents.

Repin, left, was a regular on the party circuit 

By Jason Lewis, Investigations Editor

9:00PM GMT 10 Dec 2011

Mikhail "Michael" Repin, an officer from the Russian foreign intelligence service, the SVR, was thrown out after a surveillance operation highlighted his activities.

Repin, who was officially a Third Secretary in the political section of the Embassy in Kensington Palace Gardens, also approached people with links to British security and defence companies.

A Sunday Telegraph investigation can reveal new details of the spy – who has not previously been identified – and how he attempted to win the trust of officials he met at the House of Commons and defence and security think tanks in Whitehall.

His role gives a startling new insight into how Russia is targeting Britain as source of intelligence at a level not seen since the height of the Cold War.

MI5 believe the UK is now Russian intelligence's "highest priority target", after the US, because of its key role in Nato and the EU and that it now has between 30 and 50 spies working under diplomatic cover from its London embassy.

The SVR and the other Russian intelligence services are the key to how Russian leader Vladimir Putin, a former KGB spy, maintains his grip on power.

The spy agencies are now likely to become even more important as Putin uses them to deal with the growing unrest and protests in the wake of the recent elections which were narrowly won by his United Russia party amid claims of ballot rigging and intimidation.

"Within the UK", a recent MI5 assessment said, "the Russian intelligence service are interested in a broad range of requirements including government policies on EU, Nato, trade finance and the UK-US relationship."

It is also focused on "the strategic nuclear deterrent, energy ... civilian and military science and technology, political dissidents and UK intelligence agencies."

For two years Repin was engaged in talent-spotting British citizens who might provide the Russians with useful intelligence or were connected with someone with access to sensitive information.

A British security expert who met Repin at a Whitehall event said: "He was very friendly and his English was very good. I did not for one moment think he was a spy. I didn't even realise he was Russian until later."

Part of Repin's role saw him attending meetings at the House of Commons, the International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS), the global security think tank, the Royal United Services Institute, next door to the Ministry of Defence in Whitehall, and foreign policy forum Chatham House.

The Security Service have warned that "think tanks such as the IISS would be attended by many people of interest to the Russian intelligence service."

Its recent assessment of Russian security threat adds: "Forums of this type would provide ideal talent-spotting environments".

One lecture Repin attended at the IISS allowed him to mix with leading academics and security experts who had just returned from a trip to Russia and Chechnya.

The trip was described in a Polish newspaper as "one of the most effective tools for brainwashing ... (designed) to advance the interests of the Kremlin's propaganda".

He was also a regular at embassy cocktail parties. One event at the Russian embassy saw him mix with guests including former Labour Europe Minister Keith Vaz, the chairman of the House of Commons home affairs select committee, and Lib Dem deputy leader Simon Hughes.

Repin is believed to have worked for the SVR's political section, known as Line PR, which, according to MI5, gathers information designed to "enable Russia to formulate policies which win maximum advantage in the light of insights gained from intelligence".

"The UK and allied countries are disadvantaged if their negotiating positions or undisclosed aims are compromised. Large amounts of low level intelligence ... provide the Russian intelligence services with insights which gain them advantage in international relationships.

"The effectiveness of government and therefore of parliamentary democracy is also impaired if debate in parliament ... is influenced as a result of an MP or other influential figures working to a Russian intelligence services agenda."

A brief statement from William Hague, the foreign secretary, last December said the Russian embassy in London had been asked to "withdraw a member of their staff from the UK".

The ultimatum was issued "in response to clear evidence of activities by the Russian intelligence services against UK interests," Hague said.

Sources said "lines had been crossed" between what is regarded as acceptable and unacceptable behaviour of an intelligence officer. It is believed he was discovered approaching an individual rather than stealing information or entering any sensitive buildings.

Last night a spokesman for Simon Hughes confirmed he had attended the Russian embassy event in July 2010. The spokesman said: "He is interested in foreign affairs and conflict issues and often attends these sorts of events." Mr Hughes did not recall meeting Repin.

A spokesman for RUSI said: "Unlike other organisations who publish lists of their membership, we do not reveal member details for reasons of security and individual privacy."

He added: "To join, individual members require references from an existing RUSI member or someone in a position of standing within the community.

"For an embassy wishing to nominate individuals for diplomatic membership with RUSI, each nominee's name is checked against the registered diplomat list for each embassy."

Facebook

Facebook faces a crackdown on selling users' secrets to advertisers

Facebook is facing a crackdown on how it exploits vast amounts of its users' most personal information to create bespoke advertising.

Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg must address privacy concerns or face fines under a new EC Directive Photo: GETTY

By Jason Lewis, Investigations Editor

9:00PM GMT 26 Nov 2011

The European Commission is planning to stop the way the website "eavesdrops" on its users to gather information about their political opinions, sexuality, religious beliefs – and even their whereabouts.

Using sophisticated software, the firm harvests information from people's activities on the social networking site – whatever their individual privacy settings – and make it available to advertisers.

However, following concerns over the privacy implications of the practice, a new EC Directive, to be introduced in January, will ban such targeted advertising unless users specifically allow it.

Even though most of the information it harvests is stored on computers in the USA, if Facebook fails to comply with the new legislation it could face legal action or a massive fine.

The move threatens to damage Facebook's plans to float on the Wall Street stock exchange next year, by undermining the way it makes money.

Viviane Reding, the vice president of European Commission, said the Directive would amend current European data protection laws in the light of technological advances and ensure consistency in how offending firms are dealt with across the EU.

"I call on service providers – especially social media sites – to be more transparent about how they operate. Users must know what data is collected and further processed (and) for what purposes.

"Consumers in Europe should see their data strongly protected, regardless of the EU country they live in and regardless of the country in which companies which process their personal data are established."

The move comes as a Sunday Telegraph investigation highlights the extent to which Facebook can help companies to focus adverts according to the profiles of users.

The information analysed and stored by the company is not limited to users' personal details, and "likes" that they input on their "walls".

The firm also gathers details about their friends, family and educational background and detects subtle changes to their lifestyle, enabling it, for example, to target a bride-to-be with advertising for wedding photographers.

Other commercially valuable information, such as what music people are listening to via the site, is also available to advertisers.

Everything people share with their friends on Facebook is being tracked by the firm, retained, and can be used for commercial purposes.

It can even harvest information by performing keyword searches on behalf of advertisers. In this way, it can find out, for instance, details about people's political beliefs or their sexual preferences.

Facebook stores messages and "chats" sent via the site and keeps them on its database even after they are deleted by those involved in the private online conversations.

The company says it does not use this informatin for advertising.

The sheer volume of personal data accumulated by the company was hinted at earlier this year when a 24-year-old Austrian student, Max Schrems, asked it what information it held on him.

The request led to the site sending him a CD containing 1,222 pages of data. He complained to data watchdogs because the disclosures were incomplete and made clear the social networking site retained further information about him which it had not handed over.

Next week, the EU's data protection working party, which includes the UK Information Commissioner, will meet to discuss the "state of play" regarding Facebook.

They will discuss an audit of the company's working practices being conducted by the data protection watchdog in Ireland, where Facebook has its international headquarters.

The working group has warned internet firms over the use of behavioural advertising techniques which enable them "to track individuals ... to serve tailored advertising."

A report from the group says in most cases, "individuals are simply unaware that this is happening" and adds that the authors were "deeply concerned about the privacy and data protection implications of this increasingly widespread practice."

All Facebook's 800 million users, whether they realise it or not, agree to let the company use of their personal information.

When signing up, they approve a 4,000 word contract, which licenses Facebook to use their data as it sees fit. This contract can be viewed by clicking on a link in the small print at the foot of each page on the site.

Unlike other traditional media outlets, including newspapers, the website makes no distinction between information obtained for commercial purposes and details gathered in the course of its other activities, as people share content and talk online with their friends.

In the past, Facebook was largely funded through a banner advertising contract with Microsoft. But the gradual increase in advertising on the site, which started in 2009, is intended to make Facebook self-sufficient and ready for a stock market flotation.

In Britain, the gradual introduction of more targeted advertising has earned it £25 million in the last two years but this figure is expected to increase dramatically as it prepares to float its shares on Wall Street.

A spokesman for the UK Information Commissioner said: "Facebook should ensure that any data it collects should be used in the manner that its users expect.

"If personal data is being passed on to a third party or used for targeted advertising then this should be made clear to the user when they sign up to the site and reinforced when users are invited to use an application."

Facebook last night said advertisers only saw "anonymous and aggregate information" to allow them to target their campaigns and that this meant they were not able to target named individual users.

So while advertisers cannot say they want their adverts to go to specific individuals, they can spell out a very detailed description of the sort of person they want to reach – such as age, location, family background – which means the campaigns will only target a limited group of people.

They said that people's political views could only be passed on to advertisers if the user filled out a specific section on their profiles.

Advertising was also "age-gated", it said, so companies wanting to advertise alcohol would not be shown to people under the age of 18 in the UK.

A spokesman for the company said: "We understand that people share a lot of information on Facebook and we take this very seriously.

"We believe ads that are relevant, social and personalised based on your real interests are better.

"We can show relevant ads in a way that respects individual privacy because our system only provides advertisers with anonymous and aggregate information for the purpose of targeting ads.

"We do not share people's names with an advertiser without a person's explicit consent and we never sell personal information to third parties.

"There is no connection between the privacy settings people choose and our advertising. Whether you use your privacy settings to keep your profile very private, or very public, everyone sees the same amount of advertising down the right hand side of the page.

"Adverts are personalised to the individual user. We do not track peoples' behaviour to serve advertising."

Liam Fox and Adam Werritty

Liam Fox's adviser Adam Werritty facing questions over 'missing' £60,000.

Liam Fox's best man Adam Werritty has been ordered to repay £60,000 given to him to cover the debts of the former defence secretary's controversial charity.

Liam Fox and Adam Werritty Photo: PA

By Jason Lewis, Investigations Editor

9:00PM GMT 12 Nov 2011

He is being threatened with legal action by multi-millionaire Tory Party donor, Michael Hintze, a long time supporter of Dr Fox, who gave him the cash.

The money was handed over weeks before the organisation was formally wound up after an investigation ruled it was breaking charity law and Mr Hintze now wants to know what happened to his money, which is described as "unaccounted for".

The charity, Atlantic Bridge, set up and chaired by Dr Fox, and run by trustees including Defence Minister Lord Astor of Hever, was shut down in September after the Charity Commission questioned its "independence from party politics".

Now details of the "missing" money are set to reignite the scandal surrounding Dr Fox who was forced to resign last month over his relationship with Mr Werritty.

A Cabinet Office inquiry found Dr Fox guilty of breaching the ministerial code after it emerged Mr Werrity was claiming to be Dr Fox's adviser and had set up a number of unofficial lobbying meetings with businessmen for the then defence secretary.

The Sunday Telegraph can reveal that Mr Werritty is now facing a formal demand from lawyers representing Mr Hintze to repay the cash he requested to pay winding up costs of the charity.

Mr Werritty, Atlantic Bridge's only British employee and who was paid more than £90,000 in wages and expenses, has been warned that he could face legal action if the money is not returned.

The 33-year-old businessman is already facing a possible police investigation over how he used cash given to another organisation, Pargav, amid allegations he used it as a slush fund to pay for international travel, five star hotels and hand made suits and bar bills at a lap dancing club.

Now it can been revealed that acting as Atlantic Bridge's executive director, Mr Werritty asked Mr Hintze to donate £60,000 to the organisation last August during a period when the work of the charity, set up to foster the so-called "special relationship" between Britain and America, had been formally suspended.

He was told the money would be used to wind up the organisation.

Mr Hintze, who runs hedge fund CQS, told him he was not prepared to gift the charity the money and instead arranged for a formal commercial loan from his firm to the charity's American arm, Atlantic Bridge Inc.

The loan was arranged by Mr Werritty and an unnamed American law firm acting for the not-for-profit US organisation.

Mr Werrity is understood to have signed the loan forms and the money was wired to an account in the US.

However Amanda Bowman, Atlantic Bridge's American chief executive, claimed she knew nothing about the loan or what had become of the money.

She said: "I have no idea about any of this."

The revelation also raises new questions about how Atlantic Bridge in the UK was being run. Patrick Minford, one of Atlantic Bridge's trustees, suggested little control was kept over how the charity spent its money.

He described the defunct charity as "a very small affair", indicating that the board did not routinely take formal minutes of their meetings.

Professor Minford said: "As far as the minutes of the trustee meetings... they were just ordinary routine meetings to approve accounts and that sort of thing. They were all pretty routine. Atlantic Bridge was a very small affair.

"There wasn't anything much at all really in the way of minutes that I am aware of to be honest.

"I went along to some meetings, probably once a year, we looked at what was going on and said yes this is fine, and have we got the money for it. There was a very small budget."

A spokesman for Mr Hintze said he was seeking a formal guarantee from Mr Werritty that the money will be repaid.

Last week lawyers acting for Mr Hintze sent out letters "demanding clarification of the loan and its status".

Sources close to CQS, Mr Hintze's firm, said Atlantic Bridge's US arm had shutdown its website but was still officially registered with the US tax collection department, the Internal Revenue Service.

The source said that the letters made it "very clear" that the loan was to "Atlantic Bridge in the US" and CQS was "in correspondence with their lawyers".

But the source added that it was Adam Werritty who had directly requested the money.

At the time, the source said, CQS "assumed he had the full authority of the trustees to request the money" but "with doubts being raised about Atlantic Bridge" it has called in its lawyers to investigate.

Atlantic Bridge US law firm and Mr Werritty, who were both involved in arranging the loan have been written to and told "they will either pay back the loan under the terms it was lent or face formal legal action", the source said.

The source added that the loan was made in good faith and exactly how it was going to be paid back "remained unclear".

"The money has so far not been accounted for," the source said.

A spokesman for Mr Hintze said: "Mr Hintze was a donor to Atlantic Bridge, he made those donations in good faith.

"It was a registered charity and had a board of eminent trustees. It was never to fund Werritty's lifestyle, globe trotting or anything else."

The spokesman confirmed Mr Hintze's firm CQS had loaned the organisation money towards "winding up costs". The spokesman added: "No client money is involved."

He added: "Mr Hintze has no connection with Pargav. One of his employee's Oliver Hylton, who was an adviser on charitable matters to Mr Hintze, was a director of it.

"He was initially suspended and now has left the company."